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Life Dates are given using the Indian calendar. Gregorian dates are presented in brackets, e.g. [1990].

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Showing 1 to 100 of 183 results

Generic Name Epithet Position Religious Status Religious Affiliation Life Dates
Vijayasiṃha muni (muni), vācaka (vācaka), yuvarāja (yuvarāja), sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Saṃvijñatapāśākhā
  1. Birth (janma): 2 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Phālguna (phālguna) 1644 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1587] . Rājasthāna, Meṛatā, India / Rājasthāna, Meṛatā, India
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 2 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Māgha (māgha) 1654 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1597]
  3. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1644 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - 2 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1709Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1587 — 1652]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 2 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1709 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1652] . Navīnapura (Navāpurā), Gujarat, India
  5. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1709 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1652]
Jinavallabha gaṇin (gaṇin), sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Bṛhatkharataragaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1167 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1110]
  2. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 12 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Kārttika (kārttika) 1168 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1111]
  3. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 12 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Kārttika (kārttika) 1167 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1110]
Vijayānanda tapāgacchanāyaka muni (muni), sūri (sūri), paṭṭadhara (paṭṭadhara) Jaina monk Vijayaśākhā, Vijayānandasūrigaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 8 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Śrāvaṇa (śrāvaṇa) 1642 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1585] . Rohā, Rājasthāna, India
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 6 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Māgha (māgha) 1651 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1594]
  3. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 8 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Śrāvaṇa (śrāvaṇa) 1642 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - Tuesday (maṅgalavāra) 1 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1711Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1585 — 1655]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1717 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1660]
  5. Death (mahāprayāṇa): Tuesday (maṅgalavāra) 1 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1711 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1655] . Stambhatīrtha / Khambāta, Gujarāta, India
  6. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 15 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āśvina (āśvina) 1711 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1654]
Bhadrabāhu śrutakevalin, sthavira, caudapūrvadhāra paṭṭadhara (paṭṭadhara), ācārya (ācārya) Jaina monk Jaina
  1. Birth (janma): 94 Vīra saṃvat calendar (vīrasaṃvat) [-433] . Pratiṣṭhānapura / Paiṭhaṇa
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 94 Vīra saṃvat calendar (vīrasaṃvat) - 170Vīra saṃvat calendar (vīrasaṃvat) [-433 — -357]
  3. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 170 Vīra saṃvat calendar (vīrasaṃvat) [-357] . Śravaṇabeḷagoḷa / Śravaṇabeḷagoḷa, Karṇāṭaka, India
Kulamaṇḍana gaṇin (gaṇin), sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 1409 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1352]
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1409 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - Caitra (caitra) 1455Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1352 — 1398]
  3. Initiation (dīkṣā): 1417 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1360]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): Caitra (caitra) 1455 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1399]
  5. Death (mahāprayāṇa): Caitra (caitra) 1455 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1398]
Gajasāra gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Bṛhatkharataragaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1580 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1523]
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Friday (śukravāra) 11 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1581 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1524]
Labdhisāgara kṛṣṇasarasvatī sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Vṛddhatapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1557 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1500]
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Thursday (guruvāra / bṛhaspativāra) 15 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Māgha (māgha) 1559 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) - Saturday (śanivāra) 8 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Vaiśākha (vaiśākha) 1565Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1503 — 1508]
Vijayadeva mahātapā sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 13 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Pauṣa (pauṣa) 1634 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1577]
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 10 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Māgha (māgha) 1634 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1577]
  3. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 13 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Pauṣa (pauṣa) 1634 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - 11 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1713Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1577 — 1656]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 11 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1713 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1656] . Unnatanagara
  5. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1681 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1624]
Dharmasāgara vādin, granthakāra, tārkikacakracūḍāmaṇi, vidvān yati (yati), gaṇin (gaṇin), upādhyāya (upādhyāya), mahopādhyāya (mahopādhyāya) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha, Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1579 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - 9 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Kārttika (kārttika) 1653Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1522 — 1596]
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 1595 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1538]
  3. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 9 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Kārttika (kārttika) 1653 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1596]
Anantahaṃsa gaṇin (gaṇin), mahopādhyāya (mahopādhyāya) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1540 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1483]
Pārśvacandra paṇḍita upādhyāya (upādhyāya), paṭṭadhara (paṭṭadhara), gacchādhirāja (gacchādhirāja), sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Nāgapurīyatapāgaccha, Pārśvacandragaccha, Vṛddhatapāgaccha
  1. Birth (janma): Friday (śukravāra) 9 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Caitra (caitra) 1537 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1480] . Hamīrapura
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1537 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) - 3 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Mārgaśīrṣa (mārgaśīrṣa) 1612Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1480 — 1555]
  3. Initiation (dīkṣā): 3 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Vaiśākha (vaiśākha) 1546 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1489]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 3 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Mārgaśīrṣa (mārgaśīrṣa) 1612 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1555] . Yorapura
Samaracandra nirgranthacūḍāmaṇi sūri (sūri), paṭṭadhara (paṭṭadhara) Jaina monk Nāgapurīyatapāgaccha, Vṛddhatapāgaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 11 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Mārgaśīrṣa (mārgaśīrṣa) 1560 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1504]
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 5 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Mārgaśīrṣa (mārgaśīrṣa) 1575 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1519]
  3. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 11 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Mārgaśīrṣa (mārgaśīrṣa) 1560 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) - 1 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1626Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1504 — 1570]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1626 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1569] . Ṣambhā
  5. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1626 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1570] . Khaṃbhāta, Gujarat, India
Vimalaharṣa vācakaśiromaṇi, vācakendra gaṇin (gaṇin), vācaka (vācaka), upādhyāya (upādhyāya), mahopādhyāya (mahopādhyāya) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1640-1660 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1593]
Vijayasena kālīsarasvatī, jagadguru, savāīguru, savāīhīra, bhaṭṭārakacakravartin sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha, Vijayānandasūrigaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 15 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Phālguna (phālguna) 1604 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1547] . Nāradapurī
  2. Initiation (dīkṣā): 11 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1613 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1556] . Sūrata / Sūrata, Gujarāta, India
  3. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1670 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1614]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 11 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1672 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1615] . Stambhatīrtha / Khambāta, Gujarāta, India
Sādhuraṅga pāṭhaka (pāṭhaka), upādhyāya (upādhyāya) Jaina monk Kharataragaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1587 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1530]
Lakṣmīsāgara sūri, tapāgacchanāyaka, yugapradhāna, tapāgacchādhirāja, prabhākara, rājādhirāja, mahābhāgyasūri sūri (sūri), gacchādhirāja (gacchādhirāja), gacchanāyaka (gacchanāyaka) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha, Tapāgaccha
  1. Birth (janma): 2 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Bhādrapada (bhādrapada) 1464 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1407] . Ūmatā, Gujarat / Gujarat, India
  2. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1510 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) - 8 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Jyeṣṭha (jyeṣṭha) 1536Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [753 — 1479] . Rājapura / Rājapura, Gujarāta, India
  3. Initiation (dīkṣā): 1470 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1413]
  4. Death (mahāprayāṇa): 1537 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1481] . Sumāhalī, Rājasthāna, Hāḍotī, India
Vīrabhadra sādhu (sādhu), gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Jaina
Bhānumeru paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin), vācanācārya (vācanācārya), upādhyāya (upādhyāya) Jaina monk Bṛhatkharataragaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1630 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1573]
Gaṅgavijaya gaṇin (gaṇin), upādhyāya (upādhyāya) Jaina monk Jaina
Gajavijaya paṇḍita, budha gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1720 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1663]
Vīravijaya paṇḍita, mahārāja muni (muni) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1701 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1644]
Yaśovijaya paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Vijayaśākhā
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1665 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1608]
Ratnapāla Jaina layperson male Mūrtipūjaka, Āgamagaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1348 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1291]
Ṛṣabha sāha Jaina layperson male Jaina
Jinavijaya paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Jaina
Somā ṛṣi sādhu (sādhu) Jaina monk
Āṇanda ṛṣi sādhu (sādhu) Jaina monk
Ramā Jaina monk
Māhāva Jaina monk
Āṇanda
Unknown
Jagamāla
Rājala Jaina layperson female Jaina
Sāmyasamudra paṃnyāsa (pannyāsa) Jaina monk Jaina
Kulaharṣa gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Jaina
Kalyāṇasāra paṇḍita muni (muni) Jaina monk Bṛhatkharataragaccha
Dharmasundara sādhu (sādhu), vācaka (vācaka) Jaina monk Kharataragaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1600 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1544]
Pathamā Jaina layperson male Jaina
Nagarṣi gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
Kuśalavardhana paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Tapāgaccha
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 1620 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (south India) (vikramasaṃvat (dakṣiṇa bhārata)) [1564]
Nārāyaṇa muni (muni) Jaina monk Jaina
Dāmodara
Bhāramalla muni (muni) Jaina monk
Khīmā Jaina layperson male Tapāgaccha
Phūlāṃ Jaina layperson female Vijayaśākhā
Saṃgrāma Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Nayasiṃgha paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Sonā Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Cāndū Jaina layperson female Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Gorī Jaina layperson female Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Laṭakaṇa sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Sampūrāī Jaina layperson female Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Jagasī sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Nīnā sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Somāī Jaina layperson female Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Jayavanta sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Śrīvanta sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Gorī Jaina layperson female
Kapūra sādhvī (sādhvī) Jaina
Sekhā sāha Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Rekkhā sāha Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Āmbā sāha Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Śrīvanta sāha Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Īsara Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Khetasī Jaina layperson male Kharataragaccha
Vasnā sādhu (sādhu) Jaina monk
Ṛṣabhadāsa Jaina layperson male Tapāgaccha
Jhakū Jaina layperson female Vijayaśākhā
Dūdā ṛṣi sādhu (sādhu) Jaina monk
Syāṃmāṃ āryā (āryā) Jaina nun
Gāṃgabāi
Sundara gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Jaina
Jayacanda Jaina layperson male Jaina
Kkanadhara Jaina layperson male
Vaccharāja Jaina layperson male Jaina
Sumatiruci gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Vijayaśākhā
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 15 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Māgha (māgha) 1669 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1643]
Travāḍī, Haradāsa Householder male
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Friday (śukravāra) 2 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Śrāvaṇa (śrāvaṇa) 1550 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1493]
Unknown
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Sunday (ravivāra / itavāra) 7 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Āśvina (āśvina) 1620 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1563]
Jagā
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Sunday (ravivāra / itavāra) 3 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1570 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1513]
Paḍidasū
Bhāvatilaka
Kānūha Jaina layperson male
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): 11 Dark (kṛṣṇa / vadi) Āṣāḍha (āṣāḍha) 1620 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1563]
Popā
Parvata Jaina layperson male Āgamagaccha
Kānha Jaina layperson male Āgamagaccha
Vivekaratna gaccheśa sūri (sūri) Jaina monk Āgamagaccha
Sakharavelabāī
  1. Life date (jīvanakālasaṃbandhī): Sunday (ravivāra / itavāra) 7 Bright (śukla / śuddha) Phālguna (phālguna) 1758 Vikrama saṃvat calendar (north India) (vikramasaṃvat (uttara bhārata)) [1702]
Jivavijaya gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk
Jayarāja ṛṣi sādhu (sādhu) Jaina monk
Rāmacandra Householder male
Śrīnātha
Mathurādāsa
Tattvakuśala paṇḍita muni (muni) Jaina monk
Tulasīrāma
Mahipati Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Rūpā sāha Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Cauthā Jaina layperson male Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Guṇasāra paṇḍita gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Cāritravallabha gaṇin (gaṇin) Jaina monk Vṛddhatapāgaccha
Unknown

SOAS University of London

Jaina Prosopography Database is a project at SOAS University of London. It is directed by Peter Flügel in collaboration with Kornelius Krümpelmann.

The project was funded by the Leverhulme Trust with Research Project Grant 2016-454.

The Leverhulme Trust

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The Jaina Prosopography Database is publicly available and free at the point of access. Sharing and remixing permitted under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, provided this publication is acknowledged.

Banner Image

Detail of 13th century Digambare image-canopy (Pratimā-vitāna) from Hiṅgalājagaṛh (Maṇḍasaur), Central Museum Indore. Photo Credit: Ingrid Schoon 23.12.2019.